《PNAS》：肾癌治疗可究其根源，对症下药

资讯作者：University of Michigan

编辑翻译：奇奇

译文校对：菁菁

文献在2021年6月最新期的综合学术期刊《美国国家科学院院报》上首次刊发。文献中研究人员探索了肾癌的不同起源细胞和免疫治疗反应，为未来采取精准的癌症治疗方案指明了新的方向。

并非所有的肾癌表现都是一样的，它们对免疫疗法或其他疗法也有着相当不同的反应，而且患者的预后也是大有不同。

通过对多个良性和恶性肾癌中单个细胞的RNA测序，密歇根大学罗格尔癌症中心的研究人员已经确定了不同亚群起源的细胞和涉及的途径，以及肿瘤微环境如何影响癌症发展和治疗反应。

发表在PANS上的这项发现可以帮助研究人员更好地了解影响肾细胞癌的因素，也能引导肿瘤学家为每个患者采取最佳治疗方案。

医学博士Arul Chinnaiyan说：“单细胞RNA测序是我们监控每个细胞基因表达模式的关键，揭示了肿瘤微环境中发挥作用的机制，该机制可以预测总体存活率。”他是密歇根转化病理学中心的主任，也是密歇根大学医学院病理学S.P. Hicks教授（注：S.P. Hicks是一种荣誉称号）。

研究人员绘制了正常肾样本和肾细胞癌样本的基因表达图谱。他们预测了10多种肾癌细胞亚型的假定细胞来源。该分析还揭示了肿瘤微环境中的途径和相互作用，可以预测肿瘤是否会对免疫疗法产生反应，也能够产生生物标志物来帮助指导肾癌治疗。

Chinnaiyan说：“通过探索癌症起源的细胞类型，我们能够针对癌症类型采取精准的治疗方案，也能更好地了解癌症治疗反应。”

英文原文

Analysis Reveals How Kidney Cancer Develops and Responds to Treatment

Not all kidney cancers behave the same, with wildly different responses to immunotherapy or other treatments—and wildly different outcomes for patients as a result.

By sequencing the RNA of individual cells within multiple benign and cancerous kidney tumors, researchers from the University of Michigan Rogel Cancer Center have identified the cells from which different subtypes originate, the pathways involved and how the tumor microenvironment impacts cancer development and response to treatment.

The findings, published in PNAS, could help researchers better understand what forces are influencing renal cell carcinoma and guide oncologists in selecting the best treatment for each patient.

"Single cell RNA sequencing was key to allowing us to monitor gene expression patterns in each individual cell, revealing the mechanisms at play within the tumor microenvironment that can predict overall survival," says study author Arul Chinnaiyan, M.D., Ph.D., director of the Michigan Center for Translational Pathology and S.P. Hicks Professor of Pathology at Michigan Medicine.

Researchers generated gene expression atlases of both normal kidney and renal cell carcinoma samples. They predicted the putative cell of origin for more than 10 subtypes of renal cell cancer. The analysis also revealed pathways and interactions within the tumor microenvironment that predicted whether the tumor would respond to immunotherapy. This could lead to biomarkers to help guide kidney cancer treatment.

"By understanding the cell type where a cancer originates, it may allow us to target more precise treatments for that cancer type as well as better understand response to therapy," Chinnaiyan says.

参考文献 

Yuping Zhang el al., "Single-cell analyses of renal cell cancers reveal insights into tumor microenvironment, cell of origin, and therapy response," PNAS (2021).

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